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12.9 密度图
ggplot(mpg, aes(cty)) +
geom_density(aes(fill = factor(cyl)), alpha = 0.8) +
labs(
title = "Density plot",
subtitle = "City Mileage Grouped by Number of cylinders",
caption = "Source: mpg",
x = "City Mileage",
fill = "# Cylinders"
)
图 12.37: 按汽缸数分组的城市里程 添加透明度,解决遮挡 ggplot(diamonds, aes(x = price, fill = cut)) + geom_density()图 12.38: 密度图 ggplot(diamonds, aes(x = price, fill = cut)) + geom_density(alpha = 0.5)图 12.39: 添加透明度的密度图 堆积密度图 ggplot(diamonds, aes(x = price, fill = cut)) + geom_density(position = "stack")图 12.40: 堆积密度图 条件密度估计 # You can use position="fill" to produce a conditional density estimate ggplot(diamonds, aes(carat, stat(count), fill = cut)) + geom_density(position = "fill")图 12.41: 条件密度估计图 岭线图是密度图的一种变体,可以防止密度曲线重叠在一起 ggplot(diamonds) + ggridges::geom_density_ridges(aes(x = price, y = color, fill = color))二维的密度图又是一种延伸 ggplot(diamonds, aes(x = carat, y = price)) + geom_density_2d(aes(color = cut)) + facet_grid(~cut)stat 函数,特别是 nlevel 参数,在密度曲线之间填充我们又可以得到热力图 ggplot(diamonds, aes(x = carat, y = price)) + stat_density_2d(aes(fill = stat(nlevel)), geom = "polygon") + facet_grid(. ~ cut)gemo_hex 也是二维密度图的一种变体,特别适合数据量比较大的情形 ggplot(diamonds, aes(x = carat, y = price)) + geom_hex() + scale_fill_viridis_c()heatmaps in ggplot2 二维密度图 ggplot(faithful, aes(x = eruptions, y = waiting)) + stat_density_2d(aes(fill = ..level..), geom = "polygon") + xlim(1, 6) + ylim(40, 100) ggplot(faithful, aes(x = eruptions, y = waiting)) + stat_density2d(aes(fill = stat(level)), geom = "polygon") + scale_fill_viridis_c(option = "viridis") + xlim(1, 6) + ylim(40, 100)图 12.42: 二维密度图 MASS::kde2d() 实现二维核密度估计,ggplot2 包提供了两种等价的绘图方式 stat_density_2d() 和 .. stat_density2d() 和 stat() plotly::plot_ly( data = faithful, x = ~eruptions, y = ~waiting, type = "histogram2dcontour" ) %>% plotly::config(displayModeBar = FALSE)图 12.43: 二维直方图/密度图/轮廓图 # plot_ly(faithful, x = ~waiting, y = ~eruptions) %>% # add_histogram2d() %>% # add_histogram2dcontour()延伸一下,热力图 library(KernSmooth) den % plotly::add_heatmap() # 等高线图 p2 % plotly::config(displayModeBar = FALSE) %>% plotly::add_contour() htmltools::tagList(p1, p2) |
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